Pandemic Diary – April 27 to May 3

Monday, April 27

Statewide: 92 deaths, 2,354 cases, 51,198 tested  (Deaths: +1) (Cases: +43)

E did her restorative yoga class today via Zoom. M sat in–well out of camera range–and tried to follow along. It wasn’t pretty. And besides that, Elif is still in a filthy jail cell being pressured to make a false confession and Sami has been exiled to the obscurity in the provinces. Ömer is near despair, but his mother tells him never to give up hope. Back in the real world, we got some happy news friends in Colorado.

Tuesday, April 28

Statewide: 99 deaths, 3,385 cases, 52,242 tested  (Deaths: +7) (Cases: +31)

A week or so back, E went to the bookstore–you can’t go in, but they’ll bring things out to you–and bought a book of Molly Gloss short stories. This book of stories is called Unforeseen. Some of Gloss’s novels, like Hearts of Horses, have specific historical settings. The settings here, though, are different, sometimes contemporary and sometimes speculative. Most of them focus on lives that involve close relations with–and close observation of–the natural world. The stories tend to be immediately engrossing. Using seemingly simple materials, Gloss very quietly builds sharper and sharper tensions, which in the end are only partially resolved. (But the Tao says that the partial and the whole are one…)

We made a trip to Ankeny Wildlife Refuge today. In one part of the refuge, there is a small wetland forest where big ash trees grow. You can see them in the background below. In the spring the trunks push up through two or three feet of water. It’s perfect habitat for wood ducks, of which we saw many. There’s a boardwalk through the deepest part and a big octagonal blind. Had lunch sitting in the grass on the bank of an old dyke southeast of the ponds. Rode home with the top down.

Wednesday, April 29

Statewide: 101 deaths, 2,446 cases, 54,472 tested  (Deaths: +2) (Cases: +61)

Oregon’s total deaths have now reached 0.0235 per thousand by method of calculation that I have used previously. I’ve noticed recently that some official sources have begun reporting COVID results in terms of deaths per one hundred thousand. It seems to me that those numbers are easier to understand, so I will be using the 100,000 method from now on. In those terms, the Oregon number as of today is 2.35 deaths per every 100,000 inhabitants. This number will inevitably rise as more deaths occur. Two weeks ago, for example, it was 1.49 per 100,000.

For those of you who are naturally worried about what’s happening to Elif and Ömer, I can report that although Elif is still in jail, she has been moved to a nicer cell.

Thursday, April 30

Statewide: 103 deaths, 2,510 cases, 56,032 tested  (Deaths: +2) (Cases: +64)

 Another normal day for these times. Zoom BBB for Eve. Then a trip to Garland for plants, then some lunch, then some planting. And finally…quiet time, a.k.a. nap.Then it was M’s night to cook. The menu was Indian chickpeas, Indian saag lentils, and green salad. The larder is emptying, so a grocery store visit is planned for tomorrow. 

Elon Musk said that lockdowns are ‘fascist’ and is now being called insane and dangerous. Technically, Musk is right; the crisis response has been dictatorial and has overridden certain rights that normally we take for granted. In a real crisis, that’s what happens. And rightly so. Group survival depends on firm and timely measures even if some people disagree with them. 

But is this a real crisis? The virus is real, of course, and the virus deaths are real; but the crisis level is less clear. Is COVID truly an existential threat? Is our response to it proportional to our response to other threats? So far this year in Oregon, 104 people have died of the virus, most of them older people who were already in poor health. Also so far this year, 385 people in Oregon have died by suicide, quite a number of them young people who might have had many years of life before them. To deal with the virus, we are willing to turn our world upside down, causing hardships and life disruption to thousands of citizens and incurring financial losses in the billions of dollars. Fine. But what are we doing to prevent suicide, which is taking three and half times as many lives? In comparison, not very much. Automobile accidents this year in Oregon have cost perhaps twenty times as many lives as the virus. And thirty years ago, when cars were less safe, the highway death toll per capita was much higher. But has any governor, then or now, ever decreed a moratorium on cars? We also hear seemingly credible claims that the lockdown measures themselves are contributing to a large number of extra non-virus deaths. The COVID crisis is real all right, but it’s peculiar. It’s no wonder we have disagreement about what we’re doing in the name of fighting it. 

Friday, May 1

Statewide: 104 deaths, 2,579 cases, 58,176 tested  (Deaths: +1) (Cases: +69)

Successful grocery outing this morning. For a hour or two after we got home there was a mound of fresh vegetables sitting on our counter, freshly washed and waiting to be put away. And then, E once again braved the potential hazards of the French bakery. Pain au chocolat for lunch. Also, we note that emergency dental care is still functioning. M spoke to a friend who had root canal yesterday to prove it. At 5:00 we had a Zoom social hour with several old friends just before dinner.

But best of all, my mother got her $1200 stimulus check today. Frankly, we had not expected this. We thought it might be a mistake. Don’t they realize that she passed away a year and a half ago? But no, never let it be said that our government’s records are inaccurate. The check is written to Patricia A Petrich, DECD 

Saturday, May 2

Statewide: 109 deaths, 2,635 cases, 60,136 tested  (Deaths: +5) (Cases: +56)

A quiet day, rainy in the morning. We did some gardening with rain jackets on. Then later the weather turned fine. Saturday has become take-out dinner day! We did Pastini’s. 

Sunday, May 3

Statewide: 109 deaths, 2,680 cases, 62,054 tested  (Deaths: +0) (Cases: +45)

Lovely breakfast of almond paste croissants from E’s venture to the bakery on Friday. After breakfast she did a Zoom call with Suzanne and Mrs. Hopper, then talked to both brother John and daughter Andrea. M weeded for a couple of hours and got himself all stove up. E had to go for her walk alone, so she was able to go for a long one through the OSU campus with all the magnificent old rhododendrons. Their flowers are out now and it’s amazing to see towers of blossoms climbing up to the third story of some older buildings. In the evening we watched Call the Midwife and forewent the Turkish soap.

Pandemic Diary – April 22 to 26

Wednesday, April 22

Statewide: 78 deaths, 2,059 cases out of (not available) tested  (Deaths: +0) (Cases: +57)

As we have all heard by now, Sweden’s anti-pandemic measures have been very different from those imposed in the U.S. and in most of Europe. Gatherings of more than 500 people have been banned and universities are closed. High schools have also shut down, but schools for grades 1-9 have so far remained open. There seem to be few other restrictions. Swedes have freedom of movement and most businesses, including restaurants and bars, are open. Swedish authorities are focusing their quarantine efforts on known cases and high risk groups while leaving lower risk people alone. Will the result be a horrible disaster or will this approach be vindicated? The world waits with bated breath. It’s early yet, but so far Sweden is doing okay.

Taiwan has also kept schools and businesses open. As of April 23 they have reported only 6 deaths and only 427 confirmed cases. If that’s true, they are doing very much better than okay. Instead of a lockdown the Taiwanese acted early and decisively in the areas of international travel restrictions, lots of testing, and intensive tracking of known cases. It helped that they had a robust national health care system to facilitate this. Also helpful was the fact that Taiwan is an island, which makes it relatively easy to control and monitor travel into the country.

Meanwhile, back in the U.S., we hear that gun sales are way up and that shortages of ammunition have appeared. Gun shop owners report that customers have been buying their favorite ammunition by the case. (Depending on the calibre and the manufacturer, a case of ammunition contains between 500 and 2,500 bullets.) It turns out that there aren’t enough bullets around for everybody to be able to buy in that kind of volume, so they’ve had to put limits on how many cases you can buy at one time. Well, that’s a little worrisome. It means that latecomers are going to have to get by with far fewer rounds. The good news is that shooters who are good enough shots will still have the capacity to kill many dozens of their fellow citizens. That will help.

Thursday, April 23

Statewide: 83 deaths, 2,127 cases out of 43,976 tested  (Deaths: +5) (Cases: +68)

Friday, April 24

Statewide: 86 deaths, 2,177 cases out of 45,492 tested  (Deaths: +3) (Cases: +50)

As of April 18, total COVID deaths in the U.S. were 24,555. That’s a rate of .07 per thousand, which is roughly equivalent to one death for every 14,000 Americans. If we assume that the pandemic is half over, we can expect the final toll to be one out of every 7,000 Americans. If we assume that the pandemic is only one third over, it would be one in 5,000. If the pandemic is now only one fourth over, it would be about one in 3,500. Also as of 4/18, roughly 93% of deaths have occurred in people age 55 and older. 

Saturday, April 25

Statewide: 87 deaths, 2,253 cases out of 47,377 tested  (Deaths: +1) (Cases: +76)

Made excursions today to Trader Joe’s–for apricots, avocados and champagne–and to the liquor store–for tonic and gin. M went early in the day and found conditions uncrowded with no noticeable shortages. The liquor store has protective barriers at the checkout counter and is also enforcing a policy of only five customers in the shop at any one time. Annoyingly, though, they are still using an antiquated credit card system that requires one to pick up a pen and sign a piece of paper. 

Lovely weather in the afternoon. E did weeding, especially in the area near the window from which we usually view our back garden, which was looking a little shaggy. M mowed lawn and spread some mulch. At dinner, M and E noticed a man stopping in front of our house to look at E’s little corner plot and then pulling out his phone to take a picture of it. As it happens, E got some of her ideas for making the plot by doing the same thing–taking pictures of plants and arrangements that she admired while out walking. So the beat goes on. After dinner we went to the store and got cake, by golly.

Eve’s elegant entrance

Sunday, April 26

Statewide: 91 deaths, 2,311 cases out of 48,964 tested  (Deaths: +4) (Cases: +58)

Sunday night we watched Call the Midwife, which is always sweet, compassionate and positive. But that view of the world was shattered when we followed it with some of our Turkish soap opera and got terrible news. Elif is in jail! And even Sami is powerless to help her! Ömer is losing control and keeps trying to pick fights with anyone handy, even though his bullet wounds are not healing properly and he could well lose the use of his left arm permanently if he does not take better care of himself. Nilüfer, Elif’s younger sister, is still agonizing about Fatih, the psychotic with the mesmerizing eyes, with whom she fell in love after he kidnapped her and held her captive for weeks as part of an extortion plot, and who earned her love by renting movies for her to watch, providing her with popcorn, and violently delivering her from the lecherous intentions of one of the henchmen who were guarding her. She now realizes how awful he is and she’s trying to stay away from him…even though she still loves him and is actually married to him in some kind of quasi-legal Turkish way. 

Elif also has an older sister, Aslı, who has always had mental issues and who has recently lost both her husband and her mother. Aslı has been better lately, though, and has been so looking forward to a baby on the way. But in fact she is not really pregnant because her mother bribed a doctor friend to sedate her and give her an abortion. Aslı does not remember this, but Elif has known about it for a while and just before she is arrested and taken off to jail she finally manages to tell Aslı the truth. Or at least part of the truth…in fact Elif also knows something else that Aslı does not remember, which is that right after the abortion Aslı found out what her mother had done. She confronted her mother, they fought, and Aslı gave her mother a shove which caused her to fall and hit her head on a piece of marble, which was, of course, the reason that the girls’ mother so recently passed away. A few months before that, the girls’ father also died, shot and killed by persons unknown… 

And those are just the issues on one side of this grand romance. Maybe we can get to Ömer’s side another day. Black Money Love is the title, which in Turkish is Kara Para Aşk. It’s on Netflix, in Turkish with English subtitles. There are 164 stylish but slow moving episodes, 45 minutes each. We’re at episode 76, I believe, which is a really depressing one. How will they ever get out of this?

Pandemic Diary – April 15 to April 21

Wednesday, April 15 

Statewide: 58 deaths, 1,663 cases out of 33,351 tested  (Deaths: +0) (Cases: +0)

FaceTime tertulia at 9:00 with J and R. They’re fine, enjoying the birds at their feeders on their deck. E took a long walk and worked many hours in the garden. M was outside a bit, but is now trying to go into more of a resting phase. He did finish rereading  Beautiful Losers, a Leonard Cohen novel. Pretty wild, exhausting really. This novel is the source of the song/poem ‘Magic is Afoot’ that is included on my old Buffy St. Marie album. That, at least, is a wonderful piece of work.

Pam Popper is on about over-reporting again. Says there’s a doctor in Michigan or somewhere who was required to list COVID19 on the death certificate of a man who tested positive and who was then struck and killed by a bus. Hmm. Don’t know if it’s really true, but it’s a good story. In general, there seems to be much more awareness now that counting COVID19 deaths and cases is complex and that the process is stubbornly imperfect. Pundits are even wondering “Is it possible that the Chinese deliberately underreported their death numbers?” Oh golly!

Thursday, April 16

Statewide: 64 deaths, 1736 cases out of 34,938 tested  (Deaths: +6) (Cases: +73)

Another quiet day. Some garden work and E had an exercise class via Zoom. Besides playing video games and watching YouTube, M attacked the Xfinity/Comcast monster and tried to get a lower rate for our internet service. He thinks he has achieved a reduction but only, of course, for the next 12 months.

Friday, April 17

Statewide: 70 deaths, 1,785 cases out of 36,321 tested  (Deaths: +6) (Cases: +122)

Grocery shopping in the morning at M of C during senior hours (7-8 a.m.) Very much the wrong time to go! Too crowded. 8:00 or 9:00 would be better. Got what we needed, though, so can’t complain too much. The shopping itself is one thing; once we arrive home the decontamination process is another major nuisance. But the meals are pretty good around here. The dinner was built around M’s chicken curry and E’s raita featuring fresh mint from the backyard. Yum.

J and R biked down to see us, delivering a book that E wants to read and staying for a while to chat in the back yard at a suitable distance. We talked about how nice it would be to have a test that confirmed that one had had the disease. One of their sons is in the medical field and he has been almost hoping to get the virus–most people’s symptoms are minor–because once he recovered he could continue his work without concern for himself or for others.

An OSU group is planning to do random testing of 1,000 Corvallis residents to try and find out how many cases there really are and especially how many individuals are infected without showing symptoms. Sounds like a plan. 

Saturday, April 18

Statewide: 72 deaths, 1,844 cases out of 37,583 tested  (Deaths: +2) (Cases: +59)

Justin Lessler, a professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, was interviewed by the New Yorker. In response to a question about how we might be able to determine how many asymptomatic cases there really are, Lessler replied: 

“Asymptomatic” is a squirrely concept and what we really mean here is “not detected and likely not detectable.” If you look at the shape of the epidemic curves, it is hard to explain them if children are not contributing to transmission at all, and if asymptomatic younger people are not contributing to transmission at all.

So eventually we’ll be able to infer something about what percentage of young people are/were carriers, but we will most likely never know whether any one individual young person is/was a carrier or not. Okay, fine. But also, yes, squirrely is the word. I wonder how the group planning the random testing in Corvallis sees the detectability issue. 

The news from China yesterday was that the Wuhan area death toll has been adjusted upward by about 1,300. Keeping in mind that neither the old number nor the new number is necessarily  accurate, this is still interesting. On the one hand, China is seeking here to boost its credibility, which is in tatters. On the other, it could be taken as an admission that the accurate numbers have been difficult to come by, probably partly due to inherent counting difficulties and partly due to heavy massage at various levels. Thus the announcement serves as a warning to their friends not to take any of their public statistics too seriously.

Sunday, April 19

Statewide: 74 deaths, 1,910 cases out of 39,038 tested  (Deaths: +2) (Cases: +66

We’ve just heard from a friend in Spain who gave us some insight about what conditions are like in the Madrid area. L and her husband have food delivered to their garage by their son. They are allowed to leave their house only twice a day and only for the purpose of walking their dog. These walks must be limited in duration and not take them more than 200 yards from their home. The fine for violating the restrictions is 600 euros. The government has just recently relaxed the general lockdown orders so as to allow parents to take young children outside for a short period each day, provided that they wear masks and gloves and respect social distances. This relaxation, however, is controversial with many believing that it is premature. L’s son is a Madrid firefighter and first responder. Needless to say, he would much rather be fighting fires than performing some of the tasks that he has faced during this crisis. L also reports that the world of politics is very much business as usual. Many politicians seem much more concerned with scoring points as opposed to actually working to solve common problems. That sounds familiar.

E and M no longer have a dog, but they still leave the house almost every day for short periods. Some public walking trails are open, but we avoid these as we hear that they are very crowded. Often we just walk around our neighborhood, but sometimes we drive to some other neighborhood and walk around there for a while before driving back home. The spring blossoms are in their glory and on many residential streets we can find lovely front gardens to admire. We don’t wear our masks on these walks. We see a few other walkers and those few are easy to avoid. Of those other walkers that we do see, perhaps a third are wearing masks; the majority are not. 

At other times we go out into situations that require interaction with other people. Our big four in this category have been plant nurseries, Home Depot, grocery stores and take-out restaurants. We tend to wear masks in these cases. The nurseries are the least stressful, as they are spacious and uncrowded, with traffic flow systems that have been adapted for the crisis. We get a sterilized cart as we enter and then wander about picking out what we need. We deliver the cart to a check-out station and then retreat behind a roped barrier. The checker comes out and scans our items without touching either cart or plants. The checker then retreats and we re-enter the checkout area to put our credit card into the reader. The reader is set to require no signature and no tapping on any screen–just insert and retrieve. The checker asks if we want a receipt, which we do not. We then take the cart to our car, unload it, and return it to the unsafe cart area where it is re-sterilized before being moved to the safe cart area. Some employees wear masks and some to do not. About 80% of the customers wear masks. The 20% who do not are almost always younger people. There is never any need to come closer than six feet to anyone.

Home Depot is similar in that there is lots of room, but often there are also a lot more people. But HD managers have closed down all but one entrance and staff close that off as well whenever the number of customers inside reaches a certain limit. It stays closed until the store begins to clear. Most people use self-checkout and one downside is that the process requires several taps on a touchscreen, but sterilizing wipes are available at each station. M wears a mask to go to HD, but he is definitely in the minority. Because HD sells bulky items, their self-checkout stations are already widely separated. This contrasts with some grocery stores where the stations are very close together. Pam Popper mentions this as one of the insanities of grocery shopping in Ohio. Maybe just turn off every other station? 

Grocery stores are the most difficult for us also. In some stores most people are wearing masks; in others most people are not. Some stores have very narrow aisles and, as far as we know, none are controlled for numbers of customers allowed in at one time. We always wear masks and have noticed that at least in our favorite store most other customers also wear them. Some staff are masked; some are not. In many stores, a large plastic window now separates the checker from the customer. Credit card readers do not require signatures or screen taps. M is chagrined because he wants to use ApplePay, but face recognition fails if he is wearing a mask! How is that fair? In general, M finds that wearing a mask creates more personal stress than it removes.

Maintaining distance from other shoppers is usually possible but requires effort and attention. Our friend Mrs H reports that her favorite grocery now has one-way aisles. Sounds sensible. The pace of things is inevitably slow however. You know how irritating it is when you want to get a cucumber and you can’t because the person standing in front of the cucumbers is taking a ridiculous amount of time trying to pick one? It’s much worse now because not only can you not access the cucumbers, you can’t access anything anywhere within 6 feet of the cucumbers! Also, grocery shopping is now more expensive. In normal life, we shop at several different stores, mainly because we know which items are cheaper at which places. Lately, though, we have been paying full price at the expensive store for the sake of convenience and safety. 

For take-out food, we either call or order online, pre-paying by card in each case and including a large tip. We usually pick-up rather than having the order delivered. The best restaurants tell you to call when you arrive in the parking lot so that one of them can bring your order out to your car. But some still expect you to come inside and wait there along with some number of other customers. We will be avoiding this latter type. The hassle with take-out is that we have to assume that the outside of the container may be contaminated. That can be dealt with, but it’s work.

We filled the car with gas today. M did not wear a mask while pumping but noticed that the two other people getting gas were wearing them. And they were both younger than he! Will wonders never cease. M did wash his hands after, or so he claims.

Monday, April 20

Statewide: 75 deaths, 1,956 cases out of 40,045 tested  (Deaths: +1) (Cases: +46)

Thankfully, the number of COVID deaths in Oregon remains fairly low. We feel fortunate–at least so far. To see how fortunate we are, we could try to figure out how Oregon is doing compared to other regions. We see a lot of “death rate” numbers in the media. But these numbers are peculiar. Most of the time, it appears that these numbers are derived by dividing the number of deaths in an area by the number of confirmed cases in an area. If we did this for Oregon, using the numbers above, we would divide 75 by 1,956, giving a result of 3.83%. Also by this method the ‘death rate’ for Italy now approaches 10%. But if we want to know how severe this pandemic is, the confirmed case number is not what we want. That number depends on how many tests have been done and is influenced by the fact that most of those tested are from the most high risk groups: older people and health care workers. This is as it should be, but it means that the numbers cannot be used even to estimate the total number of actual infections, which is really what we need to know. 

Two basic question that we might ask are these: How widespread is this disease? If I get the virus, how likely am I to die? If we knew the answers, we could make a decision about how much we should be worried and what level of emergency restrictions seem justified. Unfortunately these questions are not answerable at this point and possibly never will be answered with certainty. (Researchers will be able to estimate the total number of infections and lots of smart people are attempting to do that even now. But at least for the moment, the various estimates are wildly inconsistent.) What it comes down to is that if anyone tries to tell you exactly how dangerous this virus is by comparing confirmed cases to deaths, that person is confused. 

So if we can’t know what percentage of infections are fatal because we don’t know how many infections there are, is there anything we can know for sure? Well, one thing we can do is compare the cumulative number of deaths in an area with the total population of that area. That, after all, is the bottom line. For Oregon, as of April 20, that would be 75 deaths divided by 4,301,000 total population. For New York City it would be 10,367 deaths divided by 8,398,000 total population. For Italy it would be 24,648 deaths divided by 60,462,000 total population. Here are those results, expressed as percentages:

Oregon .00174%         

NYC .12344%

Italy .04076%

These numbers are a little easier to understand if they are restated in terms of deaths per one thousand inhabitants:

Oregon   .0174

NYC 1.2344

Italy   .4076

These numbers are accurate as of April 20. As the cumulative death toll rises, the numbers above will also rise. Daring to peer into the future, it seems possible that all these numbers will double or triple before we’re finally done. If all the numbers above were to simply triple, the virus would end up killing roughly 4 out of every 1,000 people in New York, roughly 1.2 out of every 1,000 people in Italy and roughly 1 out of every 2,000 people in Oregon.

Tuesday, April 21

Statewide: 78 deaths, 2,002 cases out of 41,128 tested  (Deaths: +3) (Cases: +46) With three new deaths reported, the Oregon death rate as calculated by the total population method rises from .0174 per thousand to .0181 per thousand. 

The media today are reporting a study that indicates that 95% of COVID deaths are associated with underlying (pre-existing) medical conditions. Of course this fans the flames of those who believe that general lock-downs do more harm than good and that we should instead be focusing all our efforts on those we know are most vulnerable–whatever that might mean. 

Meanwhile, Michael has managed to make four jars of pickled vegetables: his favorite mix of cucumbers, bell peppers, hot peppers, green beans, and carrots. A crisis arose when in the midst of the process he discovered that the beautiful organic carrots that he had plucked from the bin in the grocery store had somehow never made it into the vegetable bin of our refrigerator. Nor could he find them anywhere in the house, garage or car. He had to run back to the store and try again, not something you want to be doing in times like these! Another unsolved mystery from the year of the virus…

Pandemic Diary: February 29 to April 14

Saturday, February 29

E attends a fundraiser in Portland, stays overnight there and returns to Corvallis on Sunday.

Wednesday March 4

E and M have their weekly breakfast meet-up with their friends J and R. Everyone seems fine.

Friday, March 6

E visits Urgent Care at the Corvallis Clinic. She’s had a sore throat and is generally feeling rotten. She’s worried she might have the virus. She thinks she may have caught it from someone at the fundraiser. The doctor tells her that he can see a canker sore on the back of her throat and that she does not have the virus. He gives her a prescription for some gel she is supposed to use to coat her throat–but she can’t figure out how to make it work. She takes Ibuprofen, which works fine.

Tuesday, March 10

E and M leave for a long-planned one-week trip to Death Valley. This seems a bit risky, but they figure they can sneak it in before things get too bad. E still has a sore throat, but it seems to be abating. At around this time, she feels good enough that she stops taking the Ibuprofen. 

Thursday, March 12

Eve now feels fine, no sore throat. She goes on a seven-mile hike. 

Monday, March 16

On their way home from Death Valley, M and E stop for the night in Susanville, CA. They try to have dinner at a brew-pub they’ve heard of but find out that all bars have been ordered to close. The have dinner at a pizza place instead. 

Tuesday, March 17

In the morning M and E find out that four inches of snow has fallen overnight and snow is still falling. They also learn that all restaurants have been ordered to close. They are able to get a take-out breakfast, and then head north through the snow toward Oregon and home. At about three in the afternoon, M mentions that he has kind of a raw throat.

Wednesday, March 18

Home in Corvallis, M and E have a “virtual tertulia” via FaceTime with their friends J and R,  who report that they both have “colds” but are basically fine.

Wednesday, March 18 to Monday, March 23

M continues to have a mild to moderate sore throat. At one point he seems to have a mild fever and takes an ibuprofen. But mostly he feels fine. Though somewhat less energetic than usual, he feels good enough to continue working in the garden and going on exercise walks. It seems possible, even probable, that whatever caused E’s sore throat also caused M’s sore throat. It’s not clear where E caught it, but seems likely that M caught it from E. But what was/is it?

Tuesday, March 24

M’s throat is worse today, and his sinuses are stuffed up. No runny nose, no cough, no fever. Oregon Governor Brown has imposed mandatory closures on a number of business types, mostly places that involve concentrations of people or places where six-foot separation is not feasible: gyms, bars, party venues, barbershops, nail and hair salons, theaters, arcades, aquariums, museums, etc. Day care operations must be limited to no more than 10 children and must give priority to parents who are health care workers or first responders. M and E were happy to see that there was no blanket shutdown. Hardware stores, nurseries, craft stores, gas stations, take-out restaurants, and may other businesses are still allowed to be open. Jewelry stores must be closed, but are allowed to deliver items curbside. E and M are pleased that plant nurseries will be open. 

M checks in with Pamela Popper, an Ohio doctor and YouTuber who is a fierce critic of the medical establishment. Today she doubles down on her take about COVID19, which is that the whole thing is overblown by people who want us to be as fearful as possible so that they can get as much of our money as possible. And she is suspicious of China. She is especially suspicious that China now seems to be past the crisis and on the mend. She suggests that maybe the Chinese released the virus on purpose to weaken us. 

Well, I’m on board with the idea that this ‘pandemic’ is a bonanza for the U.S. medical businesses, who have again and again shown themselves to be greedy and amoral. But it’s more than that. None of their manipulations would work on us if we weren’t already afraid. Fear is a cultural illness and our culture has had it for many years now. It weakens us, and as we weaken, the predators among us rejoice. 

As for the China thing, I don’t know. Why wouldn’t China, who was hit first, also be the first place to begin to get past it? Is this really a surprise? China is a modern, rich, authoritarian state whose citizens do what they are told–seemingly a recipe for success in surmounting any epidemic. And if we’re going to be paranoid, does no one stop to think that we only have their word for it that China has even passed the crisis? The number of people who seem to casually accept the official Chinese numbers is mind-boggling. As for them attacking us on purpose somehow…well I don’t know. It’s not impossible. But this sounds like a desperate search for a simple answer to a complex question. Not very helpful.

Wednesday, March 25

Statewide in Oregon, the numbers are 210 confirmed cases and a total of 8 deaths. No deaths of young people.

M is somewhat better, throat a little less sore, sinuses less stuffy. E and M are planning to attend a virtual cocktail party on Thursday via Zoom. E is doing a Zoom yoga class this morning. 

Also on the docket for today is a visit to the grocery store. We want to minimize the number of trips to the store, so the pressure is on to not forget anything. Stores are scheduling special shopping hours for seniors, but we’re not sure how much that helps. At Market of Choice it’s 7 to 8 in the morning on Fridays. Hmm. We’ll probably try early afternoon today instead. The question is where to go. We have got in the habit of visiting several different stores to get various items. That seems like an unnecessary luxury now. We’ll have to pick one. In the news we see that some grocery stores are hanging ‘sneeze barriers’ between checkers and customers. A few days ago we saw such barriers already installed at a liquor store. 

All nearby outdoor recreation areas were so crowded over the weekend that six-foot separation was impossible. All state and university forests have therefore been closed. We wonder about the national forests, but no hiking for M anyway at this point.

Thursday, March 26

Statewide: 257 cases and 10 total deaths. (Deaths: +2) (Cases +47)  Everyone counts case numbers, which is a little odd since that number is a function of test availability and testing priority and may have little relation to actual number of infections. Still, it’s a number.

M continues to have a mild sore throat, no other symptoms. Two virtual social sessions today, one with J and R in the morning via FaceTime, another with J and B for cocktails via Zoom. E went grocery shopping at Winco at around 2:00 pm. Very crowded. Six feet of separation impossible with no one seeming much concerned. Very unpleasant and seemingly quite dangerous. E cut shopping short and left. Will try a different store or perhaps a different time. We discovered that the Patissier is operating a weekly takeout service, order by Thursday noon, pick up from 10 to 12 on Friday. E ordered us four pain au chocolat.

Friday, March 27

Statewide: 11 total deaths, 316 cases of 7,269 tested. (Deaths: +1) (Cases: +59)

E did a Zoom-mediated yoga class from upstate New York taught by her old friend Suzanne. Had a few network problems but all in all it went well. Minor crisis later as E tried to weasel out of going to pick up the pastries. After discussion, it was decided that yes it would be safe–or at least worth the very, very low risk–to walk over the bakery and interact just enough to make the transfer. $12.80 cash only and E forewent the two dimes in change. The protocol for bringing them in was for E to come in the house, dump the pastries onto a clean plate and then discard the bag they came in, then wash her hands, then place the pastries in clean containers to be stored. Stored? What is stored? M’s protocol was to eat one as soon as decently possible. 

Saturday, March 28

Statewide: 12 total deaths, 414 cases  (Deaths: +1) (Cases: +98)

M seems somewhat improved, almost symptom free. (Says that when he wakes up at 3:00 in the morning, he feels great, but then not quite so great in the daytime.) He is still self-isolating, which left E to do some shopping. She went to Market of Choice and had a much better experience there than at Winco. Huge difference in spacing, with fewer customers, almost all of whom were careful to keep the recommended 6 feet of separation. (Yes, we do live in a class delineated society. You don’t have to be super rich to shop at MofC, but you can’t be poor.) E spent close to $100, but got quite a lot of what we had decided that we needed/wanted. Good selection of veg/fruit, both fresh and frozen. No Kleenex, though, and no Clorox or any other household disinfectants. 

The plan for dinner was take-out. But from whom? We first tried Koriander. At some point they had announced that they would be open for take-out, but today they did not answer their phone. We next tried Evergreen. M made an order on-line and cooked rice while E picked it up. E reported a very unpleasant pickup experience. The order wasn’t ready when scheduled and she was expected to sit around in the restaurant with many other customers who were in the same boat. In the end the food was good and all was well except that the orders included rice. Now have plenty of rice. (Also plenty of uncooked rice, about five pounds. We could live on that for a long time.)     

Sunday, March 29

Statewide: 13 total deaths, 479 cases of 19,172 tested.  (Deaths: +1) (Cases: +65) *Case and testing data as printed in the Gazette-Times, which is not consistent with the Oregon Health Authority.

The paper today says that Novak’s is open! They’re way over in Albany, but never mind that. We will definitely give them a try for take-out. M continues to have very mild sore throat.

Monday, March 30

Statewide: 16 total deaths, 606 cases of 12,883 tested.  (Deaths: +3) (Cases: +58) **Case and testing data for today and following are from OHA web site. 

Tuesday, March 31

Statewide: 18 total deaths, 690 cases of 13,826 tested.  (Deaths: +2) (Cases: +84)

Went for a walk today on the OSU campus, saw the cactus behind Withycombe. Beautiful. Later, E braved the Corvallis downtown to buy us a box of chocolates from Burst’s and a new jigsaw puzzle from Grass Roots Books. But now we’re afraid to touch either one. Hmm. 

Wednesday, April 1

Statewide: 19 deaths, 736 cases of 14,868 tested  (Deaths: +1) (Cases: +46)

Did a FaceTime call with J and R this morning. The younger generation of their family are all working, three from home, one still at the workplace.

Visited Garland Nursery in a moderate rain. Got a ninebark for along the east fence next to the clematis and a replacement tree for Hummock #1. E got a couple of hens and chicks for the bed just outside our viewing window. M later went to Bi-Mart for some planting mix. While there he checked the toilet paper aisle. Zilch. Still some paper towels though, and also a new shipment of bleach. 

Around 3:30 in the afternoon the sun came out and M went out and planted. Very squishy out there. E is sorting old scrap books. Next up, it’s take-out dinner day. Since Wednesday is E’s day to cook, she chooses the source.

Thursday, April 2

Statewide: 21 total deaths, 826 cases of 16,085 tested  (Deaths: +2) (Cases: +90)

Grocery shopping today at the Co-op. Not the best place under these conditions because of the narrow aisles, but not too crowded at 9:30 on a Thursday. Got what we needed, including a pound of hamburger produced in Philomath! Yo. Finally broke into the box of Burst’s chocolates. Nice. Long walk around the neighborhood, up Garryanna and down Forest Green or whatever. Found the short cut that Kathleen told E about the other day. 

Friday, April 3

Statewide: 22 total deaths, 899 cases of 17,434 tested  (Deaths: +1) (Cases: +73)

Both deaths and cases continue to increase steadily–but not exponentially. Early days?

E walked over to Helen’s house and sat on her back patio while Helen stayed in behind the sliding door and they talked to each other by cell phone. Must have been okay as they talked for about an hour. M went out in the blue car through Philomath to Eddyville, then back via Summit. Take-out dinner from El Palenque. All public transactions are weird and stressful, but people are mostly pleasant. E also did two exercise classes today. Suddenly everyone is offering Zoom mediated fitness classes. Some start out free as everyone tries to get the hang of it, then change over to fee-based, which is sensible. Busy day for E as she also made a short video to send to Elisa to be used for Margy’s upcoming virtual birthday celebration.

Saturday, April 4

Statewide: 26 total deaths, 999 cases of 18,925 tested  (Deaths: +4) (Cases: +100)

Are the curves steepening a little?

Walked in the MLK Park area, into some of the new luxury housing there, then into the older new stuff on Maser on the other side of Walnut. Then gardening and later M made a quick visit to Market of Choice. Moderately busy, but well-organized. Got some rhubarb to supplement our homegrown supply. Pie is on the menu for tomorrow! E did some sewing. At dinner, a minor crisis: no relish for our hot dogs! The people who stock our larder are slippin’. Later, the plan is for puzzle work followed by an episode of Kara Para Ask (Black Money Love). Finished the new puzzle. Beautiful.

Sunday, April 5

Statewide: 27 total deaths, 1,068 cases of 20,624 tested (Deaths: +1) (Cases: +69)

Curve not steepening.

Walked around the neighborhood south of us on the other side of Circle. Worked a little in the yard. Nice warm sunny afternoon. E picked rhubarb and is at the moment in the process of making a pie. The plan is for a light supper, then pie and TV. 

Monday, April 6

Statewide: 29 total deaths, 1,132 cases out of 21,801 tested  (Deaths: +2) (Cases: +64)

Last night’s pie was fantastic. Yum. Delivered some to Bobbye and Blair. Watched Call the Midwife and Kara Para. In the latter, Elif and Ömer spent the night together! Whoa! Thought that might not happen for another couple dozen episodes. Today is cleaning day. Like last time, M cleaned his bathroom and did dusting and vacuuming. E did her bathroom and kitchen, including scrubbing the kitchen floor. She said she was going to do the floor on her hands and knees–cuz that’s what Mrs. Hopper does–and she may well have done. But unfortunately there are no independent witnesses. M later went to Home Depot and found some filters that might possibly be useful in making masks. 

Tuesday, April 7

Statewide: 33 total deaths, 1,181 cases out of 23,007 tested  (Deaths: +4) (Cases: +49)  

Trip to the nursery today, got heather, ground cover and some shade shrubs for the back corner. M planted heather and made his neck sore. It makes him grouchy. He’s trying an ibuprofen. E made masks! The first pattern, made from on internet circulated message, gave the wearer a pig snout! Yikes. We don’t want to wear pig snouts. No one else is wearing pig snouts. E continues to experiment with different patterns and styles and already has done a couple of much better versions. Masks are an issue. As more and more people wear them, it will become odd not to. Well, it can’t hurt and helps as signal for people to keep their distance. Around town so far, masks are not the norm, but they are getting more common. Maybe 20-30% of people in the stores? Not sure. But numbers are growing.

M has been looking for statistics on flu deaths in previous years for comparison to this year. Very depressing. Statistics are not nearly as simple as they would have us believe (with they being greedy drug companies on the one hand, and well-meaning vaccine advocates on the other.) It turns out that accurate counts are difficult to make, difficult to collect, and subject to manipulation by people who have agendas. 

Counting flu deaths may sound simple, but it isn’t. First, what exactly is being counted? What is a flu death? In many cases of “flu deaths” doctors don’t actually just write “flu” on the death certificate and call it good. Instead, the doctor will write something like “cold and flu symptoms followed by pneumonia” “complications resulting from flu-like infection” or “heart failure after contracting flu” or “severe flu symptoms with weakened immune system” and many, many others. Plus, only a certain percentage of people who die of “the flu” are actually tested for flu. So even if the death certificates contains the word ‘flu’ no one knows whether the flu was proven or merely presumed. What is one to do with such data? We know that a person died, and we know that the person had flu-like symptoms and then developed pneumonia and died. But is that a flu death or a pneumonia death? If a person is already seriously ill and expected to die and then gets the flu and dies sooner, which illness is the crucial one? Hard to say. 

As it happens, the CDC has for many years issued guidelines about how to deal with this problem. Tacitly acknowledging that ‘death from flu’ is a very difficult thing to classify, they have stopped reporting that particular statistic. Instead they report a different statistic: flu-related deaths. This sounds the same, but it isn’t. It is defined as any death from illness of whatever kind in any case where the patient showed flu symptoms within three weeks prior to dying. This is much more measurable, but it’s awfully fuzzy.

Ah, but this new statistic has some special advantages. It is a kind of estimate, but it is the highest possible estimate, which is just what most of the really interested parties want. Releasing the highest possible estimate will create the most concern (fear) among the general public. Hence it is the number that is most useful to those who are trying to convince people to take flu vaccines. The CDC, for whatever reason, has consistently issued these counts of flu-related deaths, knowing full well that the general public will assume that “flu-related” is the same as “killed by flu.” Going even further along that line, the CDC have regularly suggested that “under-reporting” means that the true number is probably much higher. (So get those shots!)

Are there similar reporting issues with COVID19 deaths? I would expect so. The race is on to develop a COVID19 vaccine. It’ll be a huge seller. Somebody will make a lot of money. And they’ll make more money the higher the count. This is not to say that COVID19 is not serious. Not at all. But the story is complex and we need to be aware that, just like medical grade masks, accurate information is in short supply.

Wednesday, April 8

Statewide: 38 total deaths, 1,239 cases out of 24,564 tested  (Deaths: +5) (Cases: +58)

Did FaceTime with J and R this morning. Their kids have forbidden them to go to the grocery store, so they have to place their orders and the kids deliver. Nice in a way, but complicated. What if you forget something? Kids probably don’t want to be making deliveries too often. E has ordered some pastries from the Patissier for Friday. Yum. M did some planting and mowed the lawn front and back. Before that, though, M and E started up Helen’s dead car by standing near it and poking around a little. Odd.

Thursday, April 9

Statewide: 44 total deaths, 1,321 cases out of 25,627 tested  (Deaths: +6) (Cases: +81)

Six new deaths reported today, the highest daily number so far.

M went to Home Depot (again!) without incident. E made a successful visit to Bi-Mart, but had a harrowing experience in the candy aisle. She waited until there was only one other person in the aisle and then entered from one end. She was about ten feet away from another woman, who, frustratingly enough was standing the in part where the best Easter candy was. E was browsing, basically just waiting for the other woman to be finished, when suddenly the woman sneezed. Yikes! Call 911! Well, maybe not. She was, after all wearing a mask, as was E. 

Pamela Popper continues to decry the hysteria and the overblown response. She thinks it was stupid to close schools and universities and that deaths from negative effects of the shutdown will far exceed lives saved by the shutdown. Look at alcohol sales, she cries, liquor stores and grocers report that sales are nearly double what they were last year during this season. All this extra drinking will cost thousands of lives! But wait a second. Do these extra retail sales really indicate increased overall consumption? Might there be another alcohol sales channel where there has been a correspondingly massive decline in consumption? I think there might. 

Friday, April 10

Statewide: 48 total deaths, 1,371 cases out of 27,224 tested  (Deaths: +4) (Cases: +50)

M made two grocery visits today, one to Market of Choice, one to Trader Joe’s, both during senior hours. No problems. Our process for sanitation of grocery items is functioning smoothly. More and more people are wearing masks these days, especially at TJ’s. M wants to start wearing one so as to fit in better. E has presented him with a new improved model with velco fasteners on the straps. (Elastic might be best, but elastic is in short supply!) E did online yoga with one of her favorite teachers; Helen was in the class. E and M both did garden work, E planting marigolds and M working on his Rube Goldberg drip irrigation system. 

Saturday, April 11

Statewide: 51 total deaths, 1,584 cases out of 28,638 tested  (Deaths: +3) (Cases: +76)

Take-out from Novak’s in Albany. First time in over a year for us to have any of their food. The chicken soup was pretty bad, the potatoes were so-so, everything else was wonderful. Quite a lot of traffic on a Saturday afternoon in Albany. We narrowly escaped an accident on the way home. A car started pulling out fast from a driveway on our left, but the driver finally noticed us and braked while M swerved away. Meanwhile our car insurance premiums are being cut by the company (Liberty Mutual) because since people are driving less there are far fewer accidents and therefore the company is making fewer payouts. And stimulus money arrives soon! We feel we must donate it somewhere. Have to sit down and figure out where.

Sunday, April 12

Easter Sunday and time to sample the chocolate eggs that E obtained from Bi-Mart despite a  sneezing fellow customer in the candy aisle. So we had a couple for breakfast. They’re not very good. Also no good music in the a.m. as Sunday Baroque was replaced by endless organ music. But Easter noontime dinner was wonderful: perfect soufflé, fresh asparagus, French champagne. And then, from the freezer, two servings of Barney’s Blackout cake from the Konditorei, saved since E’s birthday of so many weeks ago. Sublime!

Monday, April 13

Statewide: 53 total deaths, 1584 cases out of 31,121 tested  (Deaths: +2) (Cases: +0)

We masked up and went to Shonnard’s this morning for more plants and more irrigation supplies. No problems. Lunch at home, then later got take-out coffees from Coffee Culture on Ninth. Seemed to be just one person working at CC. Passed Starbucks earlier, the drive-through line looked to be about 10 cars long. After coffee, sat down to do some charitable giving: Linn Benton Foodshare, Stone Soup, and Benton Community Foundation. 

Tuesday, April 14

Statewide: 58 total deaths, 1,633 cases out of 32,363 tested  (Deaths: +2) (Cases: +49)

Much gardening. Beautiful sunny day. Our neighbors Scott and Jo have given us two very good looking peonies and M wanted to get those in the ground. E delivered S and J some iris in return. Then we worked on the new Shonnard’s plants: dianthus, heuchara, and sedum. Plus, M’s ragtag irrigation system is now complete–at least for the moment. Lunch was take-out from Taco Time.

In the afternoon M got absorbed in a lecture on YouTube. It’s a an hour-long talk by an evolutionary biologist at the University of Arizona named Michael Worobey. It dates from a few years back and describes his study of virus genomes to trace the origins of the Spanish Flu epidemic of 1918. Amazing stuff. Very good explanation of how a flu virus works, how antibodies work, how immunity works and what it means when a new flu virus variant appears. Provides an explanation for the tragic fact that the 1918 pandemic was more deadly for 20 to 29 year olds than it was for 80 year olds. Side notes include the strong possibility that human activity in World War 1 created the conditions for a particular flu variant to become pandemic and also a bit about the devastating equine flu pandemic of 1872, a year in which one third of urban Boston was destroyed by fire, partially due to the fact that no horses were available to pull the fire equipment. In YouTube, search for The Genesis of the 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic.

Michael’s New Book

I’ve just released The Last Bookshelf, a book of essays about those few novels that remained on my shelves after the great purge. I’ve written about the novels before here in the blog. Those posts, however, have been revised and corrected, and also much expanded, hopefully for greater clarity and usefulness. In the latter stages of this project I had the assistance of a kindly editor, Eve Chambers, who provided a wealth of feedback and suggestions, for which I am very grateful.

The Last Bookshelf is available from Amazon in both Kindle and paperback editions.

Recent events

A few days ago I learned of the death of a friend from my teenage years, a girl who was my first love. I left Ogden when I was seventeen and never saw her again, but I always remembered her and my feelings of affection remained. In 1980, about a dozen years after I last saw her, I had a vivid dream about her and the next day wrote a description of it as if I were telling her about it in a letter, which of course I did not send. Then, sometime around 2015–at an age when we start to think a little more about the past–I wrote again about my feelings for her. I described her then as “the luminous Mormon girl” and that’s what she was to me–luminous, sensitive and kind. When I try to tell anyone about her, I always feel like I have to explain that we were never boyfriend and girlfriend–not at all. So what was it? I still don’t know. Since I learned of her passing, she has been on my mind quite a lot. I never knew anything about her adult life. From her obituary I learn some salient details, which are all as I might have expected. Several times over the years I thought about what it would be like to talk to her as an adult. That was not to be. My love was always love from afar. It’s from a little farther now, but it’s still there.

Delirio

Delirio is not a long book, but it took me a while to finish it. For one thing, it’s in Spanish and my Spanish is just so-so. But even aside from that, it’s a difficult book to decode. There are multiple and sometimes mystifying shifts in time, speaker and point of view. At first I thought that these changes could easily have been more clearly signaled by using more paragraph breaks and more punctuation. Gradually I came to love the style for being just the way it is and I saw that the addition of more formatting marks would have only got in the way. Thank goodness, though, that all those unbroken passages are just a few pages long. 

Certainly the novel is worth the effort. It is set in 1980s Bogotá, which was of course one hell of a place and time. Within the relatively small country of Colombia, there were a half dozen armed revolutionary groups, a vast and violent cocaine industry, and a heavily armed national security force that largely made its own rules. The U.S. partially funded this force and also firmly supported the small group of oligarchs who ran the Colombian government. The government was only nominally democratic and in fact was only nominally a government at all since it was never quite clear how much Colombian territory they actually controlled at any one time. It seemed that no part of the country was safe from terrorist attacks and crime was rampant. Surface travel was especially risky, as many major highways were controlled by armed brigands of one kind or another. A number of good-sized cities were safely accessible only by air.

But of course life went on. And life on the personal level is what Delirio is mostly about. One of the main characters is a man named Aguilar. Aguilar used to be a university professor, but his university has shut down due to political turmoil. He’s now working for Purina, distributing bags of dog food. He lives in a middle class area of Bogotá and is married to Agustina, who is some years younger than he. This is Aguilar’s second marriage. His ex-wife and their two sons live in another town. The novel begins when Aguilar returns home from a business trip. Agustina isn’t home when he arrives. Instead he gets a message from a man whose voice he does not know informing him that his wife is in room such and such of a rather nice hotel and that she needs him to come immediately to bring her home. When he goes to the hotel room, he finds that Agustina has fallen into madness; it seems to Aguilar (and I am directly paraphrasing the text here) that she is lost inside her own head, living on a parallel plane, which is quite nearby, but which is inaccessible. When she speaks, it is as if her words are in a foreign language, one that is vaguely familiar to Aguilar but which he cannot understand. 

The chief narrative drive in the story comes from Aguilar’s attempts to find out how and why this has happened, and especially to discover what transpired while he was absent. It is a kind of detective story and as the book goes on, we begin to understand more and more about Agustina and about the roots of her madness. But Aguilar’s detective efforts are not the only source of information. We learn much more from other voices telling other stories, stories connected to Agustina’s family history. One of the speakers is Agustina herself, remembering her childhood. Another is Midas McAlister, her former lover. Others are members of her family, including her mother’s older sister and her German immigrant grandfather, Portulinus. 

For the first third of the novel it was hard for me to see how all the disparate voices could be connected, either to each other or to the mystery of Agustina’s madness. As the story went on, my reading of it slowly changed. As the main stories each came to their climax, the connections between them became clearer and more powerful. At the same time I began to feel that the story was not really about Agustina, but rather about madness itself, the many forms that it can take, its long relation to wealth, power and privilege, and how it so often includes a connection to sexual repression. This novel begins with interesting characters and is carried forward by what its characters do and say, but it ends up somewhere else, somewhere with a different kind of truth. This is not a book called Agustina; it is a story about Delirio.

Restrepo was 54 when Delirio was published in 2004. By that time she was firmly established as a teacher and writer. But she didn’t start out that way, and what little I know of her early life I find both fascinating and instructive. Laura Restrepo was born in Bogotá in 1950. She was the elder of two sisters. Her father, despite having left school at age 13, had come to own a successful business–one that required or at least allowed long periods of residence abroad, during which his wife and daughters accompanied him. The family’s constant travel meant that during the time when most children would have been in elementary and middle school, she received little formal education. Instead, her father was a believer in the educational value of literature, history, architecture and art and made the effort to expose his daughters to all these as they travelled. He also encouraged reading and in an interview Restrepo remembered being much influenced by three of his suggestions:  William Saroyan, John Steinbeck and Nikos Kazantzakis.

At fifteen Restrepo returned with her father to Bogotá and attempted to earn a high school diploma. Despite being far behind her peers in almost every formal subject, she obtained her diploma–the first person in her father’s family to do so. During this time she rebelled against her father’s controlling ways and broke off with him. This was the last time she saw her father as he died just a few years later. Restrepo went on to earn a university degree in Philosophy and later an advanced degree in Political Science. 

Restrepo had become a Trotskyite during her time at university and for a period of roughly nine years, when she was in her mid twenties and early thirties, she worked as a socialist activist, first in Colombia, then in Spain and then in Argentina. She then returned to Bogotá and began working as a political journalist, most notably for Semana, a weekly review of politics and current events.In 1983, Belisario Betancur, the president of Colombia at the time, added Restrepo to the high level commission that would attempt to negotiate peace with the M-19 guerrillas. The negotiations were difficult and the atmosphere highly charged. As the process went on, Restrepo become increasingly skeptical of the government’s true motives and intentions. She began receiving death threats and had to flee to Mexico, where she lived in exile for six years. During this time she left off journalism and began writing fiction. She was finally able to return to Colombia in 1989, which was also the year her first novel was published. Since then she has written nine more novels. She was a Cornell University Professor-at-Large from 2007 to 2013 and for several years was an adjunct Professor at the University of Seville. She had resided for various periods of time in Colombia, Mexico, Spain and the United States. 

It is worth noting that Delirio is set in Bogotà in the 1980s, a time when Restrepo was tapped to help negotiate with M-19 and also a time when the single most powerful person in Colombia was Pablo Escobar. Restrepo’s first book about this period was also her first published work. It was published in 1986 and focuses on the M-19 negotiations that the author had been a part of. Though technically a novel, its main purpose seems to have been to expose to the world some of what went on behind the scenes in that process. The book’s title is generally listed as Historia de un entusiasmo (Story of a Fascination) but other sources show it as Historia de una traición (History of a Betrayal). Delirio, which was published almost twenty years later, deals only very generally with revolutionary terrorism and makes no specific mention of M-19. It does, however, touch on some of the more complex relationships between the government in Bogotà and the drug lords in other parts of the country. One of the pleasures of Delirio is that Pablo Escobar, though seemingly far away from Bogotá, is a major force in the lives of some of the characters. Escobar himself has a few scenes in the novel and threatens to steal the show. 

I can’t help thinking of Restrepo as having been seriously plugged in to this era, as having been a participant and not just an observer. This gives Delirio credibility and an unusual sharpness. This comes from our strong sense that many of these characters and their histories are based closely on some of the people Restrepo personally knew, people whose actual stories she learned. I have no hard evidence for this; I could well be deluded. But many readers have suggested that Restrepo’s general intentions as a novelist are often at least quasi-journalistic. She wants us to know the truth about events. 

I don’t mean to suggest that Restrepo feels that the truth about events is the only thing that matters, that it is somehow more important than the personal or inner truths that constitute our deepest understanding of the world. On the contrary, I think this later sort of truth is exactly what she is after. She insists, though, that the truth of events is where we have to start. She reminds us that there are things we may not want to face, and also that in both the public and the private spheres there are those who are tenaciously committed to lies and deception, mostly with an eye toward enlarging their own privileges and devaluing even the most basic rights of others. You need to get past all the bullshit, says the old Trotskyite, and see it for what it is. And for that you need to pay attention. As Aguilar tries to discover what precipitated Agustina’s descent into madness, he remembers how in days gone by he had often failed to really listen when Agustina talked about her past, about things that happened in her family or with her old friends. He remembers one particular time when he ignored her and just continued with his reading. And now events have overtaken him. Now it seems too late. 

In public and in private, ain’t that just the way it goes. 

 

The Story of the Stone / The Dream of the Red Chamber Part 3: What Does It All Mean?

My previous post on this topic concerned issues surrounding the book’s origin: the identity of its author, the many variant texts, and the mysterious discovery of the final forty chapters–twenty-five years after the appearance of the first eighty. Scholars have developed various theories that they have tested using various techniques. They have done historical research; they have drawn a conclusions from textual discrepancies; and some have used computers to perform stylistic analysis in an attempt to determine the probability that the various sections were all written by the same author. I call that examining the text from the outside.

Now let’s go inside. Let’s see how the book itself addresses the topic of how it came to be. The very first sentence of Chapter 1 is the following question: “What, you may ask, was the origin of this book?” What follows is fantastical and a little convoluted. It’s worth looking at, though, this story told by a text about itself, because it’s only partly about where the book comes from. Its more important purpose is to give clues to the book’s larger meaning. The story begins in the first five pages of Chapter 1 and is only taken up again in the last few pages of Chapter 120. The opening of Chapter 1 is really quite wonderful. It’s mysterious, but still concise and clear. How much of this goodness comes from Hawkes? How much from Cao Xueqin? How much from Gao E? How much from all the various other editors and commentators? Ha-ha-ha. Maybe somebody knows, but I don’t.) In any case, only if you do not have the real text in front of you, should you even bother with my condensed version in the next three paragraphs.

The story started a long time ago when the Goddess Nü-wa was engaged in repairing the sky. To make her materials, she melted down a great quantity of rock and created 36,501 large building blocks. She used 36,500 of them in her work, leaving one unused. It remained, all on its own, at the foot of Greensickness Peak in the Great Fable Mountains. Having been made by the goddess, the block had magic powers; it could move about and could grow or shrink to any size. Having been the only block rejected, however, the stone felt unworthy, and spent its days feeling lonely and depressed. Then one day two figures approached, a Buddhist monk and a Taoist. They sat down to talk near the block, which had shrunk itself into an attractive size and shape and made itself translucent. The monk saw it, picked it up and began speaking to it, telling the stone that he would cut some words into it and then take it to a special place, “a luxurious and opulent locality.” When the stone began asking questions, the monk brushed them off, saying “You will know soon enough.” The monk slipped the stone into his pocket and he and the Taoist set off for parts unknown.

Long, long after these events, a Taoist called Vanitas passed through the same area at the base of Greensickness peak. He saw a large stone on which there was a long inscription. Vanitas read the inscription and learned of the stone’s creation by the goddess and about how a Buddhist mahasattva and a Taoist illuminate had taken it into the world of mortals where it lived out the life of a man. The inscription went into great detail about the conditions and events of the man’s early life. There was also a quatrain:

Found unfit to repair the azure sky, Long years a foolish mortal man was I. My life in both worlds on this stone is writ; Pray who will copy out and publish it?

Vanitas responded to this question by telling the stone that although the story was certainly interesting and might merit publication, it lacked moral grandeur, especially since much of it concerned the affairs of females–their follies, their insignificant virtues and their trifling talents. The stone strenuously rebutted these arguments and Vanitas stopped to think. He then gave the book a careful second reading. (Ah yes . . . the careful second reading!) He saw that it was a true record of real events and decided to copy it out and look for a publisher. The manuscript passed through many hands and had many different titles. Someone named Cao Xueqin–we are told–worked on it for a long time and changed its name to The Twelve Beauties of Jinling. A later annotator changed the title back to the original one. At the end of this section we read this: 

Pages full of idle words, Penned with hot and bitter tears: All men call the author fool: None his secret message hears. 

So that’s a quick summary of the first five pages of Chapter 1. The chapter continues for fourteen more pages and deals with many other topics. I remember from my first reading that the whole of opening chapter seemed very busy, but also vague and purposeless, semi-transparent. I found it very difficult to remember. The chapter starts in a mythical landscape where a goddess is making giant blocks to repair the sky; it ends in a provincial town in imperial China where a man named Feng Su is rousted out of his modest home just before bedtime and taken away to be examined by the local magistrate. This radical transition from divine to mundane occurs gradually and quite magically, as if by sleight of hand. Which is all well and good, but what does it all mean and where in the hell is this novel going? 

As it happens, sandwiched between the goddess Nü-wa and the farmer Feng Su there are matters of great importance; themes are announced, themes that only come clear much later. I’ll mention only the central one, the matter of Zhen Shi-yin and his vision. When we first meet him, around the middle of Chapter 1, Shi-yin is middle-aged and is living a modest but comfortable life with his wife and young daughter. He is a scholarly sort and quite unambitious. One hot summer afternoon, as he is just about to drift off, he overhears a monk and a Taoist talking outside his window. Their conversation fascinates him and eventually he dares to speak to them. In answer to one of his questions, the monk hands him a stone with the words “Magic Jade” engraved upon it. As Shi-yin bends to examine it more closely, the monk snatches it back. He and the Taoist then depart through a large stone archway. At the top of the arch there is a sign proclaiming it to be an entrance to The Land of Illusion. On the columns of the arch are two more lines of writing. On the first is written “Truth becomes fiction when the fiction’s real.” On the other column, the words say “Real becomes not-real when the unreal’s real.”  

Following the occasion of this vision or dream, terrible things happen to Shi-yin, including the loss of his house by fire and the disappearance of his only child. He and his wife are forced to move in with his father-in-law, a crafty and unpleasant fellow named Feng Su. A little later Shi-yin wanders off in the company of an apparent madman and disappears. (All of this and much more–and we’re still in Chapter 1!) But never mind the details. The main thing–for many readers, not just me–is that the table has been set, a theme has been announced. The messages on the two columns in Shi-yin’s vision are not exactly meant to enlighten, not at this point; but they are meant to provide an outline of the larger stage upon which the drama will be played. 

Eventful as it is, Chapter 1 makes no direct reference to what the novel’s main story might be. And guess what? Neither does the equally eventful Chapter 2. If you’ve read my previous post, where I made such a fuss about the Jia family, you might be wondering what any of this has to do with them. Well, it’s a meandering road to the Jia mansion, but in Chapter 3 the reader finally gets there and then pretty much stays there for a long, long time or at least for the space of many, many a page. There is time to follow the thoughts and passions of dozens of vivid, complex characters who exhibit a vast range of human characteristics and behaviors. It’s hard, at first, to figure any of these people out. The story comes from so far away in time and Westerners always have a hard time with the seeming indirectness of Chinese culture. But in such a long novel, there’s plenty of time to figure it out. Pretty soon we come to see that the characters are dealing with the same joys, sorrows and mysteries that we deal with. We see that the varying strategies that they choose are a lot like ours, just different enough to make it interesting.

If there is any center to this swirl of characters, it must be Jia Bao-yu, a young man born with a jade in his mouth. He’s a complex and unusual young fellow who sometimes seems strange to everyone–to his family and friends, to his servants, and to us readers who are witnessing it all. But his romantic situation as he comes of age is immediately recognizable; the contrast between Dai-yu and Bao-chai is a variation on a universal theme; and the resolution could not be more melodramatic. Great stuff.

Eventually, once we get past all that, we come to the end: Chapter 120. That’s where Shi-yin reappears. Remember him? He’s not wandering anymore but lives in a small thatched hut near a rustic ferry crossing. He meets a younger man whom he knew long ago and invites him into the hut. In the course of their conversation, the younger man asks, “But if Bao-yu is a person of such a remarkable spiritual pedigree, why did he first need to be blinded by human passion before he could reach enlightenment?” Shi-yin smiles and answers, “Even though I may seek to expound on this, I fear you may never be able to understand it fully. The Land of Illusion and the Paradise of Truth are one and the same.”

Shi-yin’s fear is justified. The idea that Illusion and Truth are the same is not something that any of us are likely to fully understand. We know that truth and illusion are different. We are not always certain about which one applies, but we know very well what each of the term means, or at least we think we do. And yet how often it happens that the two suddenly change places, or worse, seem both to apply at once. In Chapter 117 there is a scene in which Bao-yu’s mother is speaking to him about a certain holy man who has been disturbing the peace of the household. Here’s Minton’s translation of part of their exchange:

Lady Wang turned to Bao-yu: ‘Well–where does he live?’ Bao-yu smiled enigmatically: ‘His abode is, well . . . far away and yet at the same time close at hand. It all depends on how you look at it.’

The Land of Illusion and the Paradise of Truth are one and the same. That’s what it all means, this ridiculously long and messy book . . . if it means anything.

Wedding Bulletin #2 Reconnaissance and Planning

Time for another update on the Andees wedding. Today we are especially proud to report that your intrepid reporter has looked up the correct spelling of reconnaissance–ridiculous as that spelling may be. In other news, we have an update on accommodations and some suggestions for out of town guests who might have time to visit some nearby attractions. 

First off, Cabin Czar Eve Chambers tells us that a dozen or so bookings have already been made to stay in the bunkhouses. There is plenty of room left, so if you’d like a free place to stay that is within a few hundred feet of the main venue, just follow the survey monkey link on the wedding website. The bunks have mattresses, but guests will need to bring bedding. If you are traveling from afar, Eve reports that there will be some sleeping bags available for loan.

The Andees have also reserved a discounted bloc of rooms at the Comfort Inn Columbia Gorge Gateway in Troutdale and we know that several guests have already made reservations there. How do we know this? Heh-heh-heh. Has Comfort Inn integrated the Andees wedding into their recent marketing efforts? Did we buy the information from a Ukrainian hacker who gave us a big discount because we didn’t ask for the credit card numbers? Or did Eve get it from chatting with the reservations clerk? It was one of those.

We know that the hotel is nice because we tried it last weekend. In the afternoons they offer free cookies and soup. The room was very comfortable and the free breakfast was quite all right. We did not sample the biscuits and gravy, but if we had needed some, we noticed that there was enough gravy in that crockpot to have kept us plump and alive for the majority of our remaining years. Another point in the hotel’s favor is that there is a Dairy Queen RIGHT NEXT DOOR. It was only in the interest of research for this bulletin that we had to try it. We can recommend that place also, but watch out for those drips and globs of chocolate sauce that might somehow end up on your shirtfront. We also looked at the dining options in Troutdale. We tried Italian food at Ristorante di Pompello. Good honest food, but nothing to write home about. For the more adventurous, try Tad’s Chicken and Dumplings or Sally’s Tippycanoe, both located just southeast of Troutdale on the old Columbia Gorge highway.

Speaking of which, one of the fine sights in the Gorge is Multnomah Falls, which is easily accessible from Troutdale. To get there, we took the old Gorge Highway leading east out of town. After about five miles, we saw (and ignored) the sign for Camp Angelos and continued along the historic highway. We had to take care as the road is narrow and the day was foggy. At Crown Point the view was glorious, especially if you like really dense fog that blanks out everything farther than twenty yards away. Wow. But no one ever said that reconnaissance was easy, so we pressed on. As we descended the fog lessened and the road took us past several waterfalls. All are worth a look, but Multnomah is the perhaps the grandest.

For visitors with a car, here’s a suggested loop that will give a taste of both the old US 30 through the forest and the newer I-84 along the river. Start by going east through Troutdale on the Old Columbia Gorge Highway. Follow the signs for Crown Point and Multnomah Falls. The old road is lovely, but it’s not fast; allow 25 to 30 minutes of drive time. At the end of March all the waterfalls should be at full flow. When you get to Multnomah Falls, you may or may not be able to find a parking place in the original visitor area, which is rather small. If you can’t find a place there, fear not! Just pass by the falls and continue eastward for three more miles. At that point you’ll be able to get onto I-84 going back to the west. Zoom back three miles and then take the exit for the new Multnomah Falls parking area, which is much larger. Note that this is a LEFT exit. The falls are just a short walk away. Returning to Troutdale via I-84 will take less time than the trip out, about fifteen minutes at normal speeds or just seven and a half minutes if your ride will do a hundred and forty and you don’t get arrested.

The Story of the Stone / The Dream of the Red Chamber Part 2: The Text Seen from the Outside

In my previous post, I promised that my next one would provide some final thoughts about this work. That was a ridiculous promise. This is a long road; it may never end. Still I must take a few steps. The novel has issues of origin, authorship and provenance that cannot be ignored. These are on two levels. First, there is the question of the origin of the physical text that we have before us. When was it written? Who wrote it? Who may have edited it? Is this the final form that the author intended? Readers and scholars are often interested in these questions, especially when the answers are not straightforward, as is the case here. Secondly, the story itself makes claims about its own origin and how it came to be. These claims are only a very small part of the novel, appearing only in Chapters 1 and 120, but they frame the novel and purport to explain a great deal of what goes on. As a reader, you have to decide what to make of them. These claims are weird and sort of mystical, so let’s not deal with them right now. Instead, let me talk about the first question, the text viewed from outside.

How did the text of a novel come to exist? We don’t usually ask that question. The answer is usually simple–at least as far as we can know. And even if it isn’t simple, is it worth bothering about? That is, is this knowledge critical to understanding and enjoying a novel? I want to say that it is not, because after all the text that one has is the text that one has, no matter its provenance. And yet these issues draw me in; they become part of my reading experience. And of course, other than wasting our time on such issues, what would we rather be doing? Driving a steam locomotive? Wading in a cool stream on a hot day? Having a sudden epiphany that shines a great light on what once was dark? Maybe, but these activities are unavailable me at this particular moment, the one that is elapsing here and now. So I’m stuck. I have learned, though, that in the case of this novel there is a huge rabbit hole down which one may plunge and I have neither the time nor the ability to explore it very far. Hence I will be satisfied, to provide this very much simplified account, knowing that for those who are interested, there is much more to be discovered.

Let’s start with the more or less clearly known. The five books that I have been reading were all produced in England by Penguin Books between 1973 and 1986. The five books tell one continuous story. These volumes are all in English, but the story they tell was originally written in Chinese. Volumes 1-3 were translated by a man named David Hawkes. Volumes 4-5 were translated by another man by the name of John Minton, who happened to be Hawkes’ son-in-law. The Chinese texts that the translators used, they say, were originally produced in the latter half of the 18th Century in what is now Beijing. According to Penguin, the author of Volumes 1-3 was someone called Cao Xueqin while Volumes 4-5 were co-authored by Cao Xueqin and another person called Gao E. (Remember that in Chinese the family name comes first, followed by the given name. So Xueqin and E are first names.)

Sound okay so far? Sure. But this glosses over the fact that Gao E was much younger than Cao Xueqin and it is generally accepted that they never met. Records show that Gao E was a scholar, writer, and government functionary who lived from 1740 to 1815. We have fewer recorded data about Cao Xueqin. We know that he died in 1763 and that when he died he was said to have been working tirelessly on a long novel for at least the previous ten years. It is also generally agreed that Cao Xueqin was his literary name while his original given name was Cao Zhan. We do not know exactly when he was born nor do we have any written records about who his parents were. But there is some compelling indirect evidence that he was a member of one particular Cao family, evidence so compelling that everyone who looks into it–zillions of readers and scholars at this point–comes to pretty much the same conclusion.

Here’s how it works. The fictional world of The Story of the Stone is centered on a large, well-off family named Jia who live in Beijing. The main character’s grandfather was very closely connected to the Emperor and held high office. During the grandfather’s time one of the Jia daughters became a Royal Concubine and the family became wealthy and powerful. The novel gives a detailed description of this wealthy lifestyle–buildings, gardens, clothing, jewelry, and entertainment. But the events of the novel take place a few years after the family’s peak. The grandfather is gone and his sons are not his equals in prestige or ability. Though the family remains wealthy, they are living beyond their means. As the novel progresses, their difficulties become more and more serious until eventually they face ruin. Through it all, the novel presents a detailed portrait of a complex generational and economic hierarchy. It seems to most readers that there is way too much here for anyone to simply invent, that whoever created the fictional Jia family must have had some intimate connection with a real family that he used as a model.

Meanwhile, in the real world of early 18th century China, historical records show that there was a large, well-off family by the name of Cao. The patriarch of the family had been the Emperor’s boyhood friend. As an adult he remained a close confidant and was promoted to high office, serving as the Emperor’s eyes and ears in the important city of Jiangning (which later came to be called Nanking and is now called Nanjing.) One of the Cao daughters was married to the Prince of Jiangning and the Cao family became wealthy and powerful. When the grandfather died, his sons also held high office but were not his equals in prestige or ability and the family’s fortune declined. Though they remained prominent, their debts mounted. After the old emperor died, the new emperor seized all their lands and property and the clan’s days of wealth and influence were abruptly ended. Surely, we all think, Cao Xueqin was one of these Caos. He must have been thinking of his own family when he created the Jias. 

One difference between the fictional family and the real family is that the Jias live in Beijing while the Caos spent their glory years in Nanjing. But this is interesting because while there are dozens of passages that indicate that the novel is set in Beijing, there are also one or two rather confusing scenes that would only make sense if the action were occurring in Nanjing. Very untidy. Might the author himself have got confused? Or, might he have written an early version of the novel that was in fact set in Nanjing and then changed his mind? In that case he would have needed to go back through everything that he had already written and change all references to Nanjing so that they pointed to Beijing. But in a novel this long, what a task that would have been! It seems plausible that he might have missed a few, which would explain the confusing passages in the text that we now have. And so, to a certain extent, these textual errors lend further support to the idea that Cao Xueqin must have been thinking of the real Caos when he wrote about the fictional Jias. 

So how was Cao Xueqin related to the more famous Caos? Scholars have looked at the Cao Family Annals, which is a contemporary record of the names of all the Caos for several generations. They were expecting, given the author’s great familiarity with the internal workings of the family, that Cao Zhan, aka Cao Xueqin, must have been a part of the innermost circle. Oddly enough, there is no mention in the Annals of anyone named Cao Xueqing or Cao Zhan. Oops. Very untidy. But we’re only getting started…

Cao Xueqin died in 1763, but The Story of the Stone wasn’t published until 1792. What happened in the meantime? A few years after 1763, hand copied manuscripts of the novel began circulating among the literati of Beijing and eventually appeared for sale in book shops. The copies were not all identical; there came to be several versions of the story in circulation. All of them, however, ended abruptly at the end of Chapter 80, just in the middle of the major plot movement and with none of the major issues resolved. Everyone who read the story was left wanting more. 

Now fast forward to 1792, twenty-nine years after Cao Xueqin’s death. That’s when someone named Chen Weiyuan published a 120-chapter version. He explained that several years earlier he had obtained an original rough draft version of the final forty chapters as written by Cao Xueqin himself. Chen further claimed that because it was in such rough form, he had enlisted the help of his friend Gao E to edit it and make it presentable. Together, they put the whole of the Story of the Stone into complete and final form. Do we believe this account? Many scholars do not. They doubt the existence of the rough draft that Chen Weiyuan and Gao E claim to have found. It was apparently never shown to anyone else and Chen never really explained how he had come to obtain it. It is easy to suspect that the forty new chapters were simply forged in order to cash in on the demands of an eager market.

This suggestion of fraud is plausible; certainly it is not any less plausible than Chen’s story of fortuitously discovering of a long hidden manuscript by a long dead author. As a reader, when I compare Volumes 1-3 with Volumes 4-5, I see definite differences in pacing, subject and style. The focus in the latter volumes is less on the young people and more on their elders. The action is fast and furious. There is less poetry. But these changes have already begun in the latter half of Volume 3. It’s pretty much what always happens when the world comes crashing down. It could easily have been the original author’s intention all along. And the mystical end frame in chapters 119 and 120 is quite consistent with the mythical beginning frame in chapters 1 to 3. One of the translators, David Hawkes, notes that when Cao Xueqin died, he left a young widow, quite possibly an illiterate one.* Perhaps the author had made a draft of all 120 chapters and had then begun to heavily revise it. When he finished revising the first 80 chapters, he might have thought that those were good enough to begin circulating them among his friends while he continued to revise the final 40. But then perhaps death intervened. Hawkes speculates that the 40 rough chapters remained in the widow’s possession for many years, until somehow or other they became available and made their way into the hands of Chen Weiyuan. I like that story. That is, I like it because it’s nice, not because I think it surely must be true. The fact is that here we have yet more untidiness. I can’t clean it up, so I’ll just have to let it go.

*Few Chinese women could read or write during that era. But many of the female Jia cousins are exceptions to this, including several of the main characters, who are well versed in the classics and also excellent poets. Was the situation similar in the Cao family? We don’t know. But what if it were? What if the reason that the names Cao Zhan and Cao Xueqin are not found in the annals is that they were both pseudonyms for someone else whose identity was deliberately obscured. Could that someone else have been a woman? Well…no, probably not. There is a lot of counter evidence. Nice story though.